RAISING DAY OLD CHICKS TO GROWERS ■Day 1-day 7 - The chicks need to be in a brooder. What is a Brooder? - a brooder is a simple construction that is used to raise chicks until a point they are not so vulnerable. - brooders maybe small rooms, wood construction, brooder boxes etc. - chicks should stay in a brooder for at least 3 weeks - 4 weeks ●How to make a good brooder! - make sure the brooder is not cold. ( provide source of heat ie. 100,watts Bulb, hot water bottles, brooder pots, etc) - consider constructing brooders that's not too big and not too small. -clean and disinfect the brooder before receiving chicks - provide enough drinkers and enough feeders - make sure the brooder is free from insects, rodents and mature chicken. - provide dry dusting materials (saw dust or rice husks). ■Feeding chicks between day 1-day 7 - the best feed at this age is starter (crumbs or mash). - starter crumbs - fugo starter mash - pembe starter mash - at this age avoid mixing of the feed with jenga, omena, pellets etc. You can mix starter crumbs and starter mash at a proportional ration. - Avoid feeding broiler starter crumbs for chicks that are not broilers. ●Drugs . - chick formula (egocin,veta chick start, poltricin, vitamet chick etc, dosage (one teaspoon for 5lts, ½teaspoon for 2 litres and ¼teaspoon for one litre) - aliseryl (this is a blend of various vitamins that will help your chicks grow fast with strength and energy. Also helps chicks boost the appetite and also helps in preventing numerous diseases). Dosage same as chick formula - liquid paraffin- this is not the normal paraffin we use at homes. This is a medicated paraffin that helps relieve constipation, helps in digestion, prevents injuries to alimentary canal and helps chicks to pass soft droppings. - so week one give a combinations of chick formula, aliseryl and liquid paraffin ■Give Newcastle at day 7_ Day 8- day 14 ■Feeds -Same as previous week - ●Drugs -continue with chick formula - use coccidiostat (biosol, coccid, vetatrim, biotrim etc) in place of aliseryl. This will help to prevent coccidiocis. - drop liquid paraffin so, second week you give a combination of coccid+chick formula -give gumboro vaccine at day 14 ■Day 15- day 21 - feed as previous week ●Drugs - combination of vitamin and antibiotics ( aliseryl, neoxy vitamin, miramed, agranyl etc) - repeat Newcastle vaccine ■Day 22- day 28 ●Feed . Start introducing chick mash. (Mixing chick mash with starter ) - incase you started with crumbs, continue giving crumbs until they are 7 weeks old. ●Drugs - give coccidiostat - repeat gumboro at day 28. ■Week 5. Here the chicks are old enough and can survive out of the brooder. ●Feeds - chick mash/ chick crumbs( or mixture of mash and crumbs) ●Drugs - vitamins. ■Week 6 Feeds- as in week 5 Drugs, coccidiostat and strexia ●Vaccinate fowl pox._ ■Week 7 ●Feeds - gradually introduce growers( mix chick mash and growers) - drugs - feed suppliments ie molar plus, vigosine or tonophos. ■Week 8 Feeds, growers mash( you can mix with pellets, omena, jenga etc) 10 kgs of growers (mixed rations) .- 6kgs growers mash - 1kg jenga - 1kg omena -1 kg pellets - 1/2 kg ngano -¼kg sunflower -¼kg cotton ●Drugs -vitamins and antibiotics -vaccinate fowl typhoid.

CHICKEN NUGGETS CRISPY. 1. 500 grams of chicken thigh fillet, cut into small pieces 2. 3 tbsp tapioca flour 3. 15 tbsp wheat flour 4. 2 tbsp fried onions 5. 2 tsp garlic powder 6. 2 tsp salt 7. 2 tsp stock powder 8. 1/2 tsp pepper powder 9. 1 egg white 10. 100 ml water 11. bubble crumbs to taste 12. enough cooking oil. 1. Put half of the chicken thigh meat that has been cut into small pieces into the chopper. 2. Add fried onions, garlic powder, salt, broth powder, and pepper powder. Grind until all ingredients are completely smooth and well mixed. 3. Turn off the chopper, then add the remaining chicken thigh meat to it and grind briefly. 4. Transfer the ground chicken thigh mixture into a bowl. Then, add egg white and tapioca flour. Stir until the ingredients are well mixed. 5. Put all the nugget mixture into a baking pan that has been lined with baking paper. Flatten, then cover with plastic wrap. 6. Steam the nugget mixture for approximately 20 minutes using a preheated steamer pan. 7. Meanwhile, mix 10 tablespoons of flour with a little water in a bowl. 8. Remove the cooked nugget dough from the pan. Cut the entire nugget dough into squares. 9. Coat each nugget mixture in five tablespoons of dry flour. Then, coat the surface with wet flour mixture. Finally, coat the entire surface with bubble crumbs. 10. Crispy chicken nuggets are ready to be fried or stored in the freezer.

RAISING DAY OLD CHICKS TO GROWERS ■Day 1-day 7 - The chicks need to be in a brooder. What is a Brooder? - a brooder is a simple construction that is used to raise chicks until a point they are not so vulnerable. - brooders maybe small rooms, wood construction, brooder boxes etc. - chicks should stay in a brooder for at least 3 weeks - 4 weeks ●How to make a good brooder! - make sure the brooder is not cold. ( provide source of heat ie. 100,watts Bulb, hot water bottles, brooder pots, etc) - consider constructing brooders that's not too big and not too small. -clean and disinfect the brooder before receiving chicks - provide enough drinkers and enough feeders - make sure the brooder is free from insects, rodents and mature chicken. - provide dry dusting materials (saw dust or rice husks). ■Feeding chicks between day 1-day 7 - the best feed at this age is starter (crumbs or mash). - starter crumbs - fugo starter mash - pembe starter mash - at this age avoid mixing of the feed with jenga, omena, pellets etc. You can mix starter crumbs and starter mash at a proportional ration. - Avoid feeding broiler starter crumbs for chicks that are not broilers. ●Drugs . - chick formula (egocin,veta chick start, poltricin, vitamet chick etc, dosage (one teaspoon for 5lts, ½teaspoon for 2 litres and ¼teaspoon for one litre) - aliseryl (this is a blend of various vitamins that will help your chicks grow fast with strength and energy. Also helps chicks boost the appetite and also helps in preventing numerous diseases). Dosage same as chick formula - liquid paraffin- this is not the normal paraffin we use at homes. This is a medicated paraffin that helps relieve constipation, helps in digestion, prevents injuries to alimentary canal and helps chicks to pass soft droppings. - so week one give a combinations of chick formula, aliseryl and liquid paraffin ■Give Newcastle at day 7_ Day 8- day 14 ■Feeds -Same as previous week - ●Drugs -continue with chick formula - use coccidiostat (biosol, coccid, vetatrim, biotrim etc) in place of aliseryl. This will help to prevent coccidiocis. - drop liquid paraffin so, second week you give a combination of coccid+chick formula -give gumboro vaccine at day 14 ■Day 15- day 21 - feed as previous week ●Drugs - combination of vitamin and antibiotics ( aliseryl, neoxy vitamin, miramed, agranyl etc) - repeat Newcastle vaccine ■Day 22- day 28 ●Feed . Start introducing chick mash. (Mixing chick mash with starter ) - incase you started with crumbs, continue giving crumbs until they are 7 weeks old. ●Drugs - give coccidiostat - repeat gumboro at day 28. ■Week 5. Here the chicks are old enough and can survive out of the brooder. ●Feeds - chick mash/ chick crumbs( or mixture of mash and crumbs) ●Drugs - vitamins. ■Week 6 Feeds- as in week 5 Drugs, coccidiostat and strexia ●Vaccinate fowl pox._ ■Week 7 ●Feeds - gradually introduce growers( mix chick mash and growers) - drugs - feed suppliments ie molar plus, vigosine or tonophos. ■Week 8 Feeds, growers mash( you can mix with pellets, omena, jenga etc) 10 kgs of growers (mixed rations) .- 6kgs growers mash - 1kg jenga - 1kg omena -1 kg pellets - 1/2 kg ngano -¼kg sunflower -¼kg cotton ●Drugs -vitamins and antibiotics -vaccinate fowl typhoid. Follow up Abdulrafeeh Abdulkareem #broiler #feed #feeding #chicken #farming #farmlife #farmer #farm #farmersmarket #Agriculture #Agricultural #agriculturelife #agri #pullet

Whenever thinking of poultry farming, Seven things you must need to know: 1. Market research It is very important to critically look at the demand that needs to be met. Is there high demand for table eggs, out grower chicken or broiler meat? Most start-up farmers go by what a friend or relative or neighbouring farmer is doing and hope to reap the benefits. It is important that you take your time to talk to clients or potential customers and listen to them. Do a survey on restaurants, hotels, open air or takeaway eateries, supermarkets and delis and collect as much data as possible. Ask questions about seasonal trends of products that you intend to bring into the market. Sometimes your assumptions may not match your survey results or outcome, so be ready to change your original plans and make new decisions. 2. Farm location A poultry farm can be located on any dry land anywhere in the country as it is not dependent on any weather patterns. However, the ideal location would be outskirts of urban or peri-urban cities where there is ready market for both meat and eggs. Construct your farm where there is access to all weather road, away from riparian land that experience occasional flooding and landslide. 3. Housing system The most common housing system in this country is deep litter, where the entire floor is covered by wood shaving and the other equipment like nest boxes, feeders and drinkers are centrally located. It is best suited for all types of birds and conforms to animal welfare requirement. The free-range type is common for Sasso chicken with a bit of housing at night and scavenging in an open enclosure. In organic farming, the chickens are most of the time on free range scavenging and are on restricted commercial feed with no use of antibiotics and any additive. 4. Demand for building The most ideal house in this region must be open sided rectangular shaped structure, with roof made of iron sheet or locally available waterproof material. The long side of the house must be on an East-west orientation to reduce direct sunlight on the chicks. Side walls should be 2-3 feet high made of bricks, iron sheet or block and the rest covered by wire mesh and chicken netting at 6-7 feet high. The floor could be concreted or compacted with red soil. 5. Choice of breed and supplier If you want to keep commercial layers, choose type of breed which is hardy with low mortality rate, fast growth rates, high peak production, long peak period and good persistence (like Bovans brown). If it is for both meat and egg production, look for a breed of high feed conversion efficiency, and of good tasty and tender quality meat (like dual purpose Sasso). 6. Optimal health protection Threats to your flock will include but not limited to protozoal and parasitic diseases, bacteria, yeast and mold and viral infections. You will need good rearing conditions that include proper brooding, temperature control, ventilation and humidity as well as quality water and adequate feed supply all the time. Biosecurity is pivotal to your success; the premises must be highly sanitised within and around the site with limited flock visits to only authorised personnel. Vaccination schedule must be followed to the letter and must be chosen based on efficacy and administered professionally. 7. Record keeping Anything that cannot be counted cannot be measured. Most farmers ignore the value of good record keeping. Feed being the highest production cost in poultry production, means that it must be weighed to the level of grammes fed/bird/day, and weight sampling must be done on weekly basis to establish production efficiency. Sharing for you people to among the benefit .credit to the rightful owner. For more Keep following Nicholas Pleysier #agriculture #farming #poultryfarming #southafrica #Zimbabwe #Zambia #Malawi #

Seven (7) poultry rules for your farm: Do you have passion for poultry and really wish to stay long in the business? Then, obey these rules! A.Rule (1) ..."Only order for birds you can conveniently take care of". This is the most important rule of all. Instead of stocking 500 birds and then struggle to feed them or give them medication, buy 200 ,feed and give them good medication. Trust me, you'll make more profit than keeping 500 and struggling to feed and give the medication. If this happens, you'll battle with stunted growth, recurrent morbidity or disease outbreaks and high mortality. B.Rule (2) ..."Never borrow money to start poultry business unless you are an expert". Of course, there is no expert in poultry business. In fact, we learn everyday. Every stock you take in will always teach you something different. However, Haven learnt from all the different characteristics displayed by each stock, you get to know more and won't be excited when challenges come. You'll know how to handle them without much damage. C.Rule (3) ..."Be vigilant". The little things you don't take as anything matters. If you want to succeed in poultry, you must take it as a real business. Do you know what a business man does every morning when he gets to his store? He pray, then open the store and go round to check if everything is in its place. He take stocks of what he met there and relate with his records yesterday before closing the store. Don't just open your Pen and start rushing to give your birds feed and water and rush out again. Check around. Watch how they behave when you came in. Check what fell and what is no longer in its place. D.Rule (4) ..."Never ignore warning signals". Yes, I call them warning signals. 1.Bad smell 2.Withdrawal from feed 3.Moodiness 4.Withdrawal from water There are numerous warning signals i can't mention here. In fact, they are so many A farmer must know how his birds behaves !! For more Keep following Nicholas Pleysier #agriculture #poultryfarming #southafrica #Zambia #chickenfarming #Malawi #Zimbabwe #farming

Chickens, including Rhode Island Reds, Leghorns, and Plymouth Rocks, have varied diets, but it's important to provide them with a balanced and nutritious feed. Here are some guidelines on what they can eat and what to avoid: Suitable Foods 1. **Commercial Poultry Feed**: - **Layer Feed**: Specifically formulated for laying hens, providing essential nutrients. - **Starter and Grower Feed**: For chicks and young birds. 2. **Grains**: - Corn, wheat, barley, and oats can be given in moderation. 3. **Vegetables**: - Leafy greens (e.g., kale, spinach), carrots, and cucumbers are great additions. - Avoid starchy vegetables in excess, like potatoes. 4. **Fruits**: - Apples (without seeds), berries, and melons are enjoyed by chickens. 5. **Protein Sources**: - Mealworms, insects, and small amounts of cooked eggs or meat can provide extra protein. 6. **Grasses and Weeds**: - Chickens enjoy foraging for various grasses and edible weeds. Foods to Avoid 1. **Toxic Plants**: - Certain plants, like nightshades (tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants), can be harmful. 2. **Processed Foods**: - Foods high in salt, sugar, or fat should be avoided. 3. **Onions and Garlic**: - These can cause health issues if consumed in large quantities. 4. **Chocolate and Caffeine**: - Both are toxic to chickens and should never be fed. 5. **Raw Beans**: - Raw kidney beans contain toxins that can be harmful to chickens. Summary While chickens can eat a variety of foods, a balanced diet primarily consisting of high-quality poultry feed, along with fruits, vegetables, and occasional treats, is best for their health and egg production. Always ensure that any new foods are introduced gradually and in moderation! Follow up Abdulrafeeh Abdulkareem

QUAIL FARMING IS ONE OF THE MOST PROFITABLE AND MOST PROMISING Here are ten (10) good reasons to start quail farming: 1. Quail are easy to raise and require little space. 2. They are fast growing and produce eggs quickly. 3. Quail eggs are more nutritious than chicken eggs, containing more protein and vitamins. 4. Quails have a low breeding cost compared to other farm animals. 5. They are resistant to diseases and parasites. 6. Quails produce little waste and are therefore more environmentally friendly. 7. They do not require much care and can be raised by people new to breeding. 8. They are silent and do not disturb the neighborhood. 9. Quail can be raised for meat, eggs or even as pets. 10. They can be an additional source of income for farmers or individuals.

Delicious 😋 Ingredients: • For the chicken: • 1 whole chicken or chicken pieces (thighs, drumsticks, etc.) • 2-3 tbsp olive oil • 1 tsp smoked paprika • 1 tsp garlic powder • Salt and pepper to taste • Fresh thyme or rosemary (optional) • For the potatoes: • Baby potatoes, halved • 2 tbsp olive oil • Salt, pepper, and herbs (rosemary or thyme) • For the creamy pasta: • 300g fettuccine or pasta of choice • 2 tbsp butter • 2 cloves garlic, minced • 1 cup heavy cream • ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese • Salt and pepper to taste • Optional: chili flakes for a spicy kick Instructions: 1. Prepare the Chicken: • Preheat oven to 200°C (400°F). • Rub chicken pieces with olive oil, smoked paprika, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. • Place chicken on a baking tray, optionally add fresh herbs. Roast for 40-50 minutes or until golden and cooked through. 2. Roast the Potatoes: • Toss baby potatoes with olive oil, salt, pepper, and herbs. • Place on the same tray as the chicken or on a separate tray. Roast for 30-40 minutes, turning occasionally, until crispy. 3. Cook the Pasta: • Boil fettuccine in salted water until al dente. Reserve ½ cup of pasta water before draining. 4. Prepare the Cream Sauce: • In a pan, melt butter over medium heat. Sauté minced garlic until fragrant. • Add heavy cream and simmer for 2-3 minutes. • Stir in Parmesan cheese, and mix until melted and smooth. Adjust thickness with reserved pasta water. • Season with salt, pepper, and chili flakes if desired. • Toss cooked pasta in the sauce. 5. Assemble: • Plate the creamy pasta, top with roasted chicken and potatoes. • Garnish with fresh herbs or grated Parmesan if desired.

Delicious 😋 Ingredients • Chicken (whole or parts like thighs and drumsticks) - 4 pieces • Noodles - 1 packet (egg noodles or chow mein noodles work well) • Vegetable oil - 2 tbsp • Garlic - 2 cloves, minced • Ginger - 1-inch piece, minced • Soy sauce - 3 tbsp • Oyster sauce - 2 tbsp • Hoisin sauce - 1 tbsp (optional for added sweetness) • Chicken broth - 1/2 cup • Green onions - chopped, for garnish • Salt and pepper - to taste • Sesame oil - 1 tsp (optional for extra flavor) Instructions 1. Prepare the Chicken: • Season the chicken with salt and pepper. Optionally, marinate it in a mixture of soy sauce, garlic, and ginger for at least 30 minutes. • Roast or grill the chicken in the oven at 375°F (190°C) for 30-40 minutes or until fully cooked and golden brown. 2. Cook the Noodles: • Boil the noodles according to the package instructions. Drain and set aside. 3. Prepare the Sauce: • Heat vegetable oil in a pan over medium heat. Add minced garlic and ginger, and sauté until fragrant. • Add soy sauce, oyster sauce, hoisin sauce (if using), and chicken broth. Stir well and bring to a simmer. • Add cooked noodles to the pan and toss them in the sauce until well coated. You can add a bit of sesame oil for extra flavor. 4. Combine and Serve: • Place the noodles on a serving plate and top with roasted chicken pieces. • Garnish with chopped green onions. Serve hot with a side of your favorite vegetables or sauce.

Who benefits most from a healthy diet? First off, diet programs tended to work better for women. Why? Besides differences in hormones and metabolism, Firth conjectured, women seem to be in a better position to benefit. They’re more likely to be depressed, and, he says, they might have more discipline at following diets than men. Also, the diet programs worked better if a dietary professional administered them—probably because the recommendations were sounder and the participants (believing in the dietitian’s authority) were more apt to follow them, Firth says. An earlier review of diet studies came to a similar conclusion. One of the strongest studies in the collection suggested that diet could help people who were right in the midst of a major depressive episode. Researchers recruited 67 depressed people with poor diets, half of whom were instructed to follow a healthy, Mediterranean-style diet favoring whole grains, fruit and vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy, nuts, fish, lean red meat, chicken, eggs, and olive oil while reducing sweets, refined grains, fried and fast food, processed meats, and sugary drinks. Across 12 weeks, they attended seven sessions with a dietitian who helped them set diet goals and stay motivated; they also received recipes, meal plans, and a hamper of food. The other half attended sessions on a similar schedule. But rather than getting diet advice, they simply spent time with a research assistant who was trained to be supportive of them—talking about topics they were interested in, like sports and hobbies, or playing games with them for an hour. Despite how beneficial social interaction is, the diet group fared better than the social support group. After 12 weeks, they had reduced their depression and anxiety more—and they were about four times more likely to experience a remission from their depression. The more they improved their diet, the more their depression lifted.
 What about anxiety? In that particular study, anxiety did go down—but on average, across all 16 studies, healthier diets didn’t seem to make people less anxious. That actually strengthens the case that diet can directly affect depression, says Firth. If the results were simply due to people feeling proud and accomplished with their new healthy habits, you would expect them to feel better all around, including less anxious. The fact that only their symptoms of depression shifted means that something deeper may be going on. 
 What could that be? We don’t know for sure yet, but there are a variety of biological processes that seem to be both influenced by diet and involved in mental health. It’s possible that certain diets may increase inflammation and oxidative stress, and disrupt our mitochondrial function and neuron production, in ways that could put us at risk for psychological problems. Our gut microbiome—the colony of microorganisms in our intestines that is increasingly being studied as a contributor to mental health—may interact with many of these processes. Also, says Firth, following a diet can bring us a sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as potential weight loss—which can influence our minds, too. But there are still a lot of unknowns. As Professor Almudena Sanchez-Villegas of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria points out, the findings from diet experiments are not consistent. Many of the diet programs in Firth’s review didn’t help alleviate depression, nor did a newer one that also included multivitamins. Researchers have much more to explore.