Beginner Medical Student Curriculum – Detailed Topics

1. Anatomy

Gross Anatomy (Study of body structures)

Musculoskeletal System – Bones, muscles, joints, ligaments

Cardiovascular System – Heart, blood vessels

Respiratory System – Lungs, trachea, bronchi

Gastrointestinal System – Esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver

Renal & Urinary System – Kidneys, ureters, bladder

Reproductive System – Male & female reproductive organs

Neuroanatomy – Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves

Head & Neck – Skull, cranial nerves, facial muscles


Histology (Microscopic anatomy)

Tissues & Cells – Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous tissue

Organ Histology – Liver, kidney, lungs, intestines, skin


Embryology (Developmental anatomy)

Fertilization & Early Development – Zygote to embryo

Formation of Organ Systems – Heart, lungs, nervous system

Congenital Defects – Neural tube defects, heart defects



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2. Physiology (How the body functions)

Cell Physiology – Transport, membrane potentials

Neurophysiology – Nerve conduction, synapses, reflexes

Cardiovascular Physiology – Heart function, blood pressure, circulation

Respiratory Physiology – Gas exchange, oxygen transport

Renal Physiology – Filtration, urine formation, acid-base balance

Endocrinology – Hormones, glands (thyroid, pancreas, adrenal)

Gastrointestinal Physiology – Digestion, absorption, motility



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3. Biochemistry

Molecular Biology – DNA, RNA, gene expression

Enzymes & Metabolism – Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides

Cellular Respiration – Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Hormonal Regulation – Insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones

Genetics – Mutations, genetic disorders, inheritance patterns



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4. Pathology (Introductory)

Cell Injury & Death – Necrosis, apoptosis

Inflammation & Repair – Acute vs. chronic inflammation

Infectious Disease Basics – Bacterial, viral, fungal infections

Neoplasia – Tumor formation, benign vs. malignant



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5. Microbiology & Immunology

Microbiology

Bacteria – Gram-positive, gram-negative, antibiotic mechanisms

Viruses – RNA vs. DNA viruses, viral replication

Fungi & Parasites – Common fungal and parasitic infections


Immunology

Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity – White blood cells, immune response

Vaccines & Autoimmune Diseases – How vaccines work, immune disorders



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6. Pharmacology (Introductory)

Drug Classifications – Antibiotics, antivirals, painkillers, anesthetics

Mechanisms of Action – How drugs affect cells and organs

Side Effects & Toxicity – Common adverse drug reactions



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7. Clinical Skills & Communication

Medical History Taking – Chief complaint, past medical history

Physical Examination – Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological exams

Basic First Aid & Emergency Care – CPR, wound management



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8. Public Health & Epidemiology

Disease Prevention – Vaccination, screening programs

Health Policy & Systems – Healthcare delivery models

Epidemiological Methods – Incidence, prevalence, risk factors