Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: When Your Body's Connective Tissues Fail

Overview

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of genetic disorders affecting connective tissues, which provide strength and elasticity to skin, joints, and blood vessels. People with EDS often have hypermobile joints, fragile skin, and a higher risk of dislocations and bruising.

Types of EDS

There are 13 recognized types, but the most common are:

Hypermobile EDS (hEDS): Causes joint hypermobility, frequent dislocations, and chronic pain.

Classical EDS (cEDS): Leads to extremely stretchy skin and poor wound healing.

Vascular EDS (vEDS): The most dangerous type, affecting blood vessels and organs, increasing the risk of ruptures.


Causes

EDS is caused by mutations in genes responsible for collagen production, leading to weakened connective tissues. Most forms are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning a person only needs one affected gene from a parent.

Symptoms

Joint hypermobility, frequent dislocations, and chronic pain

Skin that is soft, stretchy, and prone to bruising

Fragile blood vessels leading to easy bruising and internal bleeding

Poor wound healing, leading to atrophic scars


Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose EDS through physical exams, genetic testing, and criteria such as the Beighton Score, which measures joint hypermobility.

Treatment

There is no cure for EDS, but treatments focus on symptom management:

Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and support joints

Bracing and mobility aids to prevent injuries

Pain management through medication and lifestyle changes

Surgery in severe cases, though healing complications can occur


Living with EDS

People with EDS must be cautious with physical activities, avoid high-impact sports, and use assistive devices as needed. Regular monitoring is essential for those with vascular EDS due to the risk of blood vessel rupture.