Progress isn’t about moving fast; it’s about moving with intention. Even on tough days, remember that the small steps you take still matter. You’re doing better than you think.

Elements of a Set
A set can be defined as a group or a collection of well-defined objects, numbers or alphabets e.g. collection of books, shoes, cooking utensils, alphabets, clothes. A set is denoted by capital letters such as A, B, C, etc. while small letters are used to denote the elements e.g a, b, c, etc.

Elements of a Set: These are the elements or members of a given set. The elements are separated by commas and enclosed by a curly bracket {}.

e.g P = {1,2,3,4,5}, 3 is an element of P.

Example: List the elements in each of the following sets

P = {Even numbers from 1 to 10}

B = {Odd numbers from 10 to 20}

Solution

P = {2, 4, 6, 8, 20}

B = {11, 13, 15, 17, 19}

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Introduction
Surds are irrational numbers. They are simply square roots of rational numbers that cannot be written in the form of rational numbers.

Examples of surds are √2, √5, √14, √28, etc.

Rules of Surds

1. √ (a x b) = √a x √b

2. √ (a / b) = √a / √b

3. √ (a + b) ≠ √a + √b

4. √ (a - b) ≠ √a - √b

Basic Forms of Surds

√a is said to be in its basic form if A does not have a factor that is a perfect square. E.g. √6, √5, √3, √2 etc.

√18 is not in its basic form because it can be broken into √(9x2) = 3√2. Hence, 3√2 is now in its basic form

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