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Causes and Symptoms of Foodborne Illness.

Foodborne illness is caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. Many different disease-causing microbes or pathogens can contaminate foods, so there are many different types of foodborne illnesses.

Most foodborne diseases are infections caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Other diseases are poisonings caused by harmful toxins or chemicals that have contaminated food.

Of note many foodborne pathogens also can be acquired through recreational or drinking water, from contact with animals or their environment, or through person-to-person spread.

SYMPTOMS OF FOODBORNE ILLNESS

•Common symptoms of foodborne illness are diarrhea and/or vomiting, typically lasting 1 to 7 days. Other symptoms might include abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, joint/back aches, and fatigue.

•What some people call the “stomach flu” may actually be a foodborne illness caused by a pathogen (i.e., virus, bacteria, or parasite) in contaminated food or drink.

•The incubation period (the time between exposure to the pathogen and onset of symptoms) can range from several hours to 1 week.

CAUSES OF FOODBORNE ILLNESSES

Commonly recognized foodborne infections are:

1)Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter)

2)Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium)

3)Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora spp.)

4)Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection (E. coli O157)
and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

5)Giardiasis (Giardia)

6)Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes)

7)Norovirus Infection (aka Norwalk virus, calicivirus, viral gastroenteritis)

8)Salmonellosis (Salmonella)

9)Scombroid Fish Poisoning

10)Shigellosis (Shigella)

11)Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)

12)Vibrio Infection (Vibrio parahaemolyticus)

13)Yersiniosis (Yersinia species)

FOODS ASSOCIATED WITH FOODBORNE ILLNESS

1)Raw foods of animal origin, that is, raw meat and poultry, raw eggs, unpasteurized milk, and raw shellfish are the most likely to be contaminated.

2)Fruits and vegetables can also be contaminated with animal waste when manure is used to fertilize produce in the field, or unclean water is used for washing the produce.

3)Raw sprouts are particularly concerning because the conditions under which they are sprouted are ideal for growing microbes.

4)Unpasteurized fruit juices or cider can also be contaminated if there are pathogens on the fruit that is used to make it.

5)Any food item that is touched by a person who is ill with vomiting or diarrhea, or who has recently had such an illness, can become contaminated. When these food items are not subsequently cooked (e.g., salads, cut fruit) they can pass the illness to other people.

APPLE.

An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus spp., among them the domestic or orchard apple; Malus domestica). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Eurasia and were introduced to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition.

Apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. For commercial purposes, including botanical evaluation, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. Rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting.

There are more than 7,500 cultivars of apples. Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw, and cider or apple juice production. Trees and fruit are prone to fungal, bacterial, and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production.

The Senate has called on the Nigerian military to deploy sufficient personnel to reclaim Abadam and Marte Local Government Areas in Borno State, reportedly under the control of Boko Haram insurgents.

During plenary, the Senate acknowledged the significant sacrifices made by the military in combating insurgency but expressed concern over the lingering presence of Boko Haram in the two Local Governments.

This resolution followed a motion presented by Senator Mohammed Tahir Monguno (APC – Borno North). Senator Monguno highlighted the challenges Borno State had faced due to prolonged insurgency, commending the efforts of the Nigerian Armed Forces in restoring relative peace.

However, he raised concerns about the lack of civil authority and military presence in Guzamala, Abadam, and Marte Local Government Areas, which he said are predominantly agricultural communities. Monguno stressed that the insecurity in the areas had caused severe hardship, disrupted local economies, and hindered infrastructure development.

WISDOM is knowing what to do, virtue is doing it

It is unwise to be too sure of one's own wisdom. It is healthy to be reminded that the strongest might weaken and the wisest might err.

To make no mistakes is not in the power of man, but from their errors and mistakes, the wise and good learn wisdom for the future.

Afrobeats superstar, Wizkid has shattered records with his latest album, 'Morayo', dominating the top 17 spots on Apple Music.

2 Timothy 4:18 (KJV) And the Lord shall deliver me from every evil work, and will preserve me unto his heavenly kingdom: to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

Knowledge is a powerful tool that shapes our lives and societies. It informs our decisions, drives innovation, and fosters understanding among diverse cultures. However, with the challenges posed by misinformation and knowledge gaps, it is crucial to cultivate a culture of lifelong learning, critical thinking, and knowledge-sharing. By doing so, we can harness the transformative potential of knowledge to create a more informed, equitable, and innovative world.
#knowledge #wisdom